Tag: public health

  • Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice

    Publication

    Released: May 10, 2016

    Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have “asked for” this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child’s life.

    Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bullying has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication.

    Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
    Learn more about the report: nas.edu/ScienceOnBullying

    For more information, or to purchase this ebook: http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2016/Preventing-Bullying-Through-Science-Policy-and-Practice.aspx

    #MattMasielloMD

  • Why we dislike politicians and the media

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    Today, on CNN, Candy Crowley had Rep. John Fleming (R-LA) and Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel on to talk about the effects of Obamacare; both are physicians. However, it was soon obvious that the two were not to agree on anything. But, what made their conversation regress to the malodor of current day politics was that Fleming, who may have felt he was loosing the argument, began attacking Emanuel’s profession, his character and role in life.

    To Emanuel’s credit he did not go down this path. Rather, Fleming was the bully. In addition, Fleming sounded like a bully who could not defend his position with data, logic and common sense. In the eyes of many Americans, the media is right behind the politicians as we are so disappointed and frustrated with this profession as well.

    With a keen awareness of what was happening, the meanness of partisanship, Ms. Crowley could have interjected a comment or asked why Fleming was attacking Emanuel as a person and not just his ideas or opinion. Nonetheless, she did not. Instead, she asked scripted questions, but not the questions of frustrated Americans.
    Our politicians continue to be disappointing with the media right there with them. They want their moment of rightness regardless of the consequences .

    This all points to the need that it is the home, community and state where we need to make it happen. Keep politics local and let’s disregard the behavior of our national leaders and the media as they continue to demonstrate their bad behavior. Hopefully, we will have the opportunity to clean the slate of all present national leaders in the upcoming months.

  • Book Release- “A Public Health Approach to Bullying Prevention”

    The American Public Health Association is scheduled to release, “A Public Health Approach to Bullying Prevention”, co-edited by myself, Matt Masiello, MD, MPH, and Diana Schroeder, MSN, RN. This book highlights our evidence-based approach to bullying prevention and was written with educators, pediatricians, legislators, and community members in mind.

    Given the increasing burden of bullying in our United States schools, we assembled a team of 16 co-authors who are experts in the areas of bullying prevention and school-based health promotion. Together, we have created a comprehensive book that includes information about the consequences of school-based bullying from the perspectives of physical, mental, and public health, how best to implement, evaluate, and sustain an evidence-based bullying prevention program, school legislation, school climate, the cost benefit of bullying prevention, capacity building, and practical implications for school administrators.

    To read the full article about the release of “A Public Health Approach to Bullying Prevention”, please visit, http://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/content/43/5/5.1.full

     

  • Keeping Children Safe From Guns A Priority For New Pediatrician At Health Center

    Mashpee Enterprise Newspaper
    December 28, 2012

    By ELSA H. PARTAN
    The new pediatrician hired by the Community Health Center of Cape Cod in Mashpee arrives on the job with dramatic, life-changing experiences behind him, both professional and personal.

    At an interview Wednesday in his home office in Harwich, 59-year-old Matthew G. Masiello described a career marked by a desire to improve the communities in which he has lived, including organizing a gun-buyback program in Pittsburgh and an antibullying campaign elsewhere in the state.

    The Bronx native became the staff pediatrician at the health center in Mashpee on December 3, moving to Harwich with his wife, Kathleen, a nurse, and his 12-year-old son, Jason. Another son, 18-year-old Matthew, attends American University, while an adopted daughter, Kim, lives with his first wife in Connecticut.

    In a startling twist, the man who came to be known in Pittsburgh as “Dr. Gun” in the 1990s for his ceaseless campaign to get unwanted firearms out of homes, watched as his 7-year-old son was shot in the shoulder on a soccer field in rural Johnstown, Pennsylvania, a decade later.

    Dr. Masiello’s experiences in Pittsburgh and in Johnstown led him to speak in Mashpee last week at a meeting dedicated to answering parents’ questions about security in schools in the wake of the Newtown, Connecticut, shooting. He urged audience members to speak to their representatives in government to make changes that will keep children safe, although he was not specific about what those changes should be.

    Surrounded by artifacts he collected during work trips to Mexico, Nicaragua and Indonesia, Dr. Masiello said he does not have a one-size-fits-all strategy. In the mid-1990s, Pittsburgh had the unfortunate distinction of being one of the few American cities in which more young African-Americans were killed by gunshot wounds than in car accidents, he said. Dr. Masiello saw the impact of accidental and intentional shootings of children as the director of pediatric critical care services at Allegheny General Hospital.

    “We were seeing a very different, terrible trend,” he said. “We developed a coalition and created the largest gun-buyback program in the country.”
    The community was ready to do something about it, he said. A previous gun-buyback had only yielded a few dozen guns. This time, people turned in thousands of weapons.

    When he moved to Johnstown in 1996 to become the chairman of the pediatrics department at Memorial Medical Center, he learned quickly that asking people to turn over their guns was not going to work.

    “They didn’t want to hear about it,” he said. “A well-known judge said to me, ‘I’ll help with whatever you want to do, but don’t do guns.’ He was an avid hunter.”
    Instead, he learned from a group of school nurses that their top three concerns were bullying, childhood obesity, and lack of mental health services. It was 1997, and the three issues that seem almost ubiquitous today were only beginning to emerge in the public eye.

    Thus began a decade-long effort by Dr. Masiello and a coalition of community leaders to bring in the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, an 18-month system designed by a Norwegian professor to create a lasting change in a school’s culture.

    “In 2006 our public health group became the recipient of the first $1.7 million grant to do bullying prevention,” he said. “It is the largest bullying prevention program in the world. It has been an incredible experience.”

    Dr. Masiello has had a connection to Cape Cod ever since he and his wife purchased a cottage in Dennisport in the 1990s. They sold that house and purchased a summer home in Harwich in 2008, which is now their permanent home.

    In the three short weeks that Dr. Masiello has been working on Cape Cod, he has already turned his attention to the needs of his new community. As he talked about his work, Dr. Masiello was interrupted by a phone call from a Harwich police officer who was returning his call. Dr. Masiello set up an appointment to talk with the officer about gun violence and children.

    The pediatrician says his focus on preventing children from being injured by guns intensified after his son was shot in 2007 by a drunken man who was aiming at chipmunks near a children’s soccer match.

    “It was a beautiful summer day around the Fourth of July,” he said. “All of a sudden the referee is shouting, ‘Clear the field.’ He said, ‘Matt, Jason’s been shot.’ I can’t tell you how terrible an experience that was.”

    The worst part was seeing the expression of fear on the face of his 13-year-old son, Matt, Dr. Masiello said.

    “He didn’t know whether his younger brother was going to live or die,” he said.

    A dozen parents surrounded the oblivious shooter, who turned out not to possess any firearms’ licenses. The man was prosecuted for hunting violations and spent a few months in jail, Dr. Masiello said.

    Jason recovered from the blast, which was a “clean through-and-through shoulder injury,” Dr. Masiello said in the manner of someone practiced in describing gunshot wounds.

    As Dr. Masiello gauges Cape Cod’s willingness to address access to guns, he will also be taking on a quieter, even more far-reaching topic. He is continuing in his position as the director of the center for health promotion and disease prevention at the Windber Research Institute, a private, nonprofit organization in Windber, Pennsylvania. In this capacity, he is exploring a system of health care called the expanded chronic care model. An example of this is the “medical home” model already being pursued by the Community Health Center of Cape Cod. All of the innovations fall under the basic concept that the patient no longer has to be sick to receive health care.

    As he pursues his professional interests, the question that drives him is simple, he said.

    “How do we keep the kids healthy?” he said. “There is much more to do.”


    Elsa H. Partan, reporter

    capenews.net

     

  • Summary of Recent Publication- The Implementation of a Statewide Bullying Prevention Program: Preliminary Findings from the Field and the Importance of Coalitions

    Schroeder, B. A., Messina, A., Schroeder, D., Good, K., Barto, S., Saylor, J., & Masiello, M. (2012). The implementation of a statewide bullying prevention program: preliminary findings from the field and the importance of coalitions Health Promot Pract (Vol. 13, pp. 489-495). United States.

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    Recognizing bullying and low-level violence as a serious public health concern, The Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention at the Windber Research Institute has effectively shown to reduce bullying in schools through the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). Bullying is defined as a person being repeatedly exposed to negative actions by one or more person while lacking the ability to defend themselves (Olweus, 1993). Studies show in American schools, bullying affects nearly 30% of all students, daily, causing feelings of decreased safety, low personal satisfaction and self-esteem, and anxiety. Victims may experience low academic achievement, a greater chance of dropout, and absenteeism in schools. In taking a systematic, evidence-based approach, OBPP has been applied to populations worldwide, being labeled as the most effective bullying prevention programs in the world and is endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). OBPP utilizes four components of concentration in the program: school, classroom, individual, and community initiatives.

    In 2000, the Highmark Foundation developed the Highmark Health High 5 initiative and started to provide more than six million dollars of funding to two bullying prevention programs.  Both HALT! A Bullying Prevention Program, led by the Windber Research Institute, and PA CARES (Creating an Atmosphere of Respect and Environment for Success), led by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, coordinated their programs along the guidelines of the OBPP.  HALT! and PA CARES determined an overall goal to provide and monitor bullying prevention strategies to schools across western and central Pennsylvania. This effort was informed by the PRECEDE-PROCEDE framework.

    With HALT! (WRI) managing district-wide implementation and PA CARES (Department of Education) monitoring building-only implementation, the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire (OBQ) was provided for students to evaluate student bullying behavior, perceptions, and teacher’s responsiveness.  Surveys were collected from HALT! cohorts after two years of program implementation providing positive results.  High school bullying reductions were reported in bullying between 15% and 39%.  Teachers spoke to students regularly about bullying, marking increases of anywhere between 14% and 131%.  Overall, the communication of bullying perceptions and school rules regarding bullying had increased in students, ranging from 17% to 69%.  Additionally, the program increased parental involvement in student bullying between 14% and 81%.  In elementary schools, more students testified to be willing to aid bully victims.  The data collected seemed to support the overall OBPP observation that bullying prevention efforts are more effective on a long-term basis.

    On a large scale, the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program and charitable foundations have taken a leadership role, making public health of children a priority.  Collaborating on bullying prevention efforts has resulted in school success on a long-term basis.  By providing partnerships compared with the public health model, students may experience benefits in school climate, the community, and their lives.

     

     

    References

    Olweus, Dan. (1993). Bullying at school : what we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK ; Cambridge, USA: Blackwell.